DEVELOPMENT OF THE THEORY OF SUSTAINABILITY OF PEASANT FARMING (KOCHAROVSKY KARL ROMANOVICH)

Nintsieva G.

Being an agricultural economist, Kocharovsky K.R. was an ardent supporter of the theory of sustainability of labor peasant farms. These thoughts of the author will be discussed in the article. Kocharovsky K.R. suggested paying attention to the fact that production processes in agriculture are organic, and not mechanical, as is observed in industry. Secondly, talking about agriculture, he noted that the costs of “artificial restoration of productivity” are very high and make this process unprofitable. Thirdly, peasant farming is of a consumer nature. Fourthly, it was important for Kocharovsky to show in this work the integrity, the universality of the earth and life on the earth. A study of all the statistics given by Kocharovsky on the mobilization of land in Russia, which he organized in 1908, indicates that as a result of the “automatic” competition of farms, there is no strengthening or absorption of capitalist farms, on the contrary; their fragmentation and absorption by the latter. To summarize, we can say that the competitive struggle in Russian agriculture led not to capitalization, but to decapitalization. And Kocharovsky showed not only in Russia, but also in many European countries. This is what is discussed in this article, and Kocharovsky tried to defend the theory of the sustainability of the labor peasant economy and the “decapitalization” of the agricultural economy. And since the liberal economists of the Russian diaspora and the populist economists are two different currents of socio-economic thought that differ from each other, and interpreted these phenomena from diametrically opposed positions, one may get the impression that the question of uniting such different scientists has finally arisen. However, the fact is that the liberals saw a sustainable peasant economy based on the principles of individualism and carried out on land owned by the owner as private property, while Kocharovsky “sang the sustainability” of peasants united in communities and running their farms on communal land.

Keywords:Individual quality of labor, labor peasant farms, universality of land, capitalization, decapitalization