SOCIAL AND LEGAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ECONOMIC RELATIONS IN THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE AND THE SOVIET STATE

Uporov I. V.

The Russian statehood has historically developed along a complex and contradictory path. In a relatively short time, the Moscow state acquired new lands and became the largest state in terms of territory, home to many peoples (ethnic groups). This geopolitical position largely determined the regime of government in the form of absolutism. Accordingly, all the main spheres of society were under the direct control and influence of the central government, including the economy, which was expressed in the relevant laws emanating from the government. The article identifies the main trends in the development of economic relations in the Russian Empire and the Soviet state from a socio-legal point of view. Accordingly, the norms of law, and above all constitutional ones, which regulated the Russian economy in the specified periods, as well as scientific works that touch on this issue are analyzed. It is noted that, despite the completely different political and ideological foundations of the functioning of the state, in these periods there was a common feature - the subjects of economic activity, which determined the economic sovereignty of the state, did not have the economic freedom characteristic of developed bourgeois-capitalist countries; In the empire they depended on the emperor, and in the USSR – on the monopolistic ruling VKP(b)-CPSU, which implemented a state-planned model of economy. During the years of Gorbachev's "perestroika" liberal measures were taken in this sphere, which eventually led to the collapse of the Soviet state and the transition of the economy of post-Soviet Russia to market relations.

Keywords:Russia, economic relations, state regulation, law, constitution, power.