The analysis of level of activity of lysozyme in tissues of clams of U. pictorum (Linnaeus, 1758) i A. sugnea (Linnaeus, 1758) of some sites of the average watercourse Urals

Solovykh Galina Nikolaevna, Shostak Elena Ivanovna, Osinkina Tatyana Vladimirovna

Objective: to determine and analyze the level of lysozyme activity in the tissues of bivalves U. pictorum (Linnaeus, 1758) and A. cygnea (Linnaeus, 1758) in some parts of the middle course of the Ural river. Methods: lysozyme activity was determined spectrophotometrically in a mixture of test-culture suspensions of M. lysodeikticus and mollusk tissue extracts. Determination of the total microbial number of water produced by direct sowing aseptically on Petri dishes with agar. Results: it was found that lysozyme activity significantly varies in ctenidia (gills) and the hepatopancreas of U. pictorum, as bodies fulfilling a key role in the clearance of bacteria and protection from pollutants. The highest value determined in the hepatopancreas of U. pictorum in the area "of the Ural river camp "Dubki"" 2,386±0,003 EA/ml, the 2005 figure is exceeded by 2.17 times for the gills, the activity was 2.0±0.1 of EA/ml at the site "the Ural river Railroad bridge". In the mantle and leg, the values averaged 0.4 to 0.8±0.2 Ea/ml. Conclusions: in tissues of mussels U. pictorum and A. sudia recorded lysozyme activity, the high level observed for gills and hepatopancreas in comparison with the mantle and the dorsal muscles of the legs, suggesting an important barrier role of these bodies. The interannual dynamics of lysozyme activity is probably a reflection of cyclic changes in the physiological activity of hydrobionts due to the increasing anthropogenic impact on the average flow of the Ural river in the Orenburg region.

Keywords:bivalves; lysozyme activity; pollutants; hydrobionts-filtrators; hepatopancreas; total microbial number; hemolymph; self-cleaning ability; hydrobiocenosis; anthropogenic load