The role of violations of the cytokine profile of gingival fluid in the pathogenesis of rapidly progressing periodontitis

Akimova Svetlana Anatolievna, Osipova Julia Lvovna, Baranova Nadezhda Ivanovna

Relevance and goals. In connection with the steady increase in the prevalence of inflammatory periodontal diseases, among which the prevalence of aggressive forms of periodontitis is also increasing, the question of a detailed study of the pathogenesis of this group of diseases does not lose its significance. Currently, the pathogenesis of rapidly progressive periodontitis, associated with the influence of cytokines on the course of inflammatory and destructive changes in periodontal tissues, needs to be clarified. Materials and methods. The study involved 60 patients, 20 of whom had no signs of inflammation of periodontal tissues, 20 patients with rapidly progressive periodontitis; the comparison group consisted of 20 patients with chronic periodontitis. All patients underwent clinical and instrumental periodontal research according to the standard method, the content of gingival fluid IL-1, TNF-α, TGF-β1 was carried out by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results. It was revealed that in patients with rapidly progressive periodontitis, there is a pronounced imbalance of cytokines in the gingival fluid, which correlates with the severity of inflammatory events, while the TGF-β1 content (regeneration factor) also increases, but the ratio of its concentration and IL-1 concentration is disturbed in favor of the latter, which certainly allows to state the fact that the intensity of bone destruction processes significantly exceeds the activity of regeneration processes. Conclusions. One of the mechanisms of the active inflammatory process in RPP is the overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which contributes to the progression of inflammatory and destructive changes in tissues, against the background of reduced regeneration due to insufficient production of cytokines that initiate regeneration processes.

Keywords:periodontitis; rapidly progressive periodontitis; cytokines, IL-1, TNF-α, TGF-β1