Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid gland. Clinical case

Musaeva Saida Dinislamova, Parsadanyan Ararat Mikichovich, Rakov Egor Aleksandrovich

Medullary thyroid cancer is a tumor of parafollicular thyroid cells (C-cells) that secretes calcitonin, as well as cancer-embryonic antigen, histaminase, prostaglandins, serotonin and other peptides. The pathogenetic basis of medullary thyroid cancer is a mutation of the RET proto-oncogene located on the long arm Chromosome 10. Medullary thyroid cancer — the most aggressive neoplasm among differentiated carcinoma of the thyroid gland, characterized by a tendency to a relapsing course, and most of regional recurrence of the tumor develops. Produced by C-cells (cells of neuroendocrine origin) calcitonin is considered as an antagonist of parathyroid hormone; reducing the output of calcium from the bones, it reduces the activity of osteoclasts. It is also a cancer marker, highly specific for medullary thyroid cancer, even its early stages. A clinical case of the use of the drug vandetanib in a patient with metastatic medullary thyroid cancer is presented. Vandetanib at the present stage is the drug of choice in the treatment of inoperable and progressive medullary thyroid cancer not only in the category of adult patients, but also among children and adolescents. Vandetanib, is a selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor, inhibits the activity of tyrosine kinase receptor-2 vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) stimulated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in endothelial cells.

Keywords:medullary cancer, thyroid cancer, vandetanib, morphological forms, tyrosine kinase inhibitors.