Production of salt-tolerant transgenic wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L) by particle bombardment

Verbitskaia Anastasiia Alekseevna, Gaponenko Alexander Konstantinovich

An efficient method for the regeneration of transgenic wheat plants has been developed to obtain salt-tolerant transgenic wheat plants using particle bombardment. The study of the role of various TF genes involved in the response of plants to abiotic stresses (water deficiency and soil salinity) is one of the priorities in modern science. During this work, a transition was made from the model object of Arabidopsis to the most important agricultural crop - wheat. Plants obtained by this method are phenotypically normal and fully fertile. The transgenic insert is passed on to offspring following Mendel's laws. The technique was applied to soft wheat varieties - Zlata, Esther, Agata, Amir. The efficiency of bioballistic transformation of calli of these varieties, the efficiency of which was 1.4%-7.8%, depending on the genotype used. The highest transformation frequency was observed in explants of the Zlata variety. This method provides efficient regeneration of transgenic shoots if immature embryos with morphogenic callus obtained from donor plants after cold shock are used as a target for transformation. The vector carrying the OsGATA transcription factor gene can be used to obtain transgenic lines of winter wheat varieties and other cereal crops. The morphogenic callus is obtained on a medium containing picloram. The frequency of callus formation was 51.2 - 97.2%, and the frequency of shoot formation was 62.76 - 83.98%. For the introduction of foreign DNA, a bioballistic method is used - the direct introduction of genes using a PIG gun (particle inflow gun).

Keywords:wheat, bioballistic transformation, salt tolerance, genetic engineering, transcription factor, gata.