Assessment of the state of prosthetic bed tissues and chewing function in patients with complete absence of teeth

Shtorina А. A., Subbotin R. S., Fishchev S. B., Shishko T. V., Sevastyanov A. V., Puzdyreva M. N., Galstyan S. G., Baroyan F. B.

Relevance. The use of complete removable dentures causes changes in the underlying tissues. In the mucous membrane there is a violation of the blood supply, characterized by an increase in venous stasis. These processes are the main reason for the development of inflammatory and dystrophic complications in the tissues of the prosthetic bed. The purpose of the study. Evaluation of microcirculation in the tissues of the prosthetic bed under the basis of a complete removable denture by the method of rheography and the study of the function of chewing by the method of electromyography using chewing tests in patients with complete removable dentures. Material and methods. 105 patients with complete absence of teeth (31 men and 74 women) aged 45 to 85 years were examined. The results of the study. Rheography data indicate an increase in blood supply due to the presence of a functional load on the tissues. The peripheral resistance index (PRI) in old dentures is of great importance, which is associated with spasm, and, possibly, sclerosis of non-functioning vessels. When using new prostheses, IPS decreases and amounts to 86.29±2.11%. According to the results of impedancemetry, the number of patients with less than normal blood filling of the vessels of the mucous membrane of the prosthetic bed in cases of applying new prostheses was greater than with old designs or without prostheses. Also, there were no differences in this indicator between subgroups of patients with different degrees of atrophy. Conclusions. The data obtained indicate an increase in the quality of chewing when using new functional prostheses, a reduction in the time spent on the process of chewing food. Due to an adequate load on the tissues under the basis of the prosthesis, the blood supply to this area is enhanced.

Keywords:total absence of teeth, edentulous jaws, prosthetics.