The role of gene polymorphisms of the xenobiotic biotransformation system and antioxidant protection in the development of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Kostyushok Nadezhda Yanovna, Ivanova Lyudmila Alexandrovna

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is a polygenic multifactorial disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, which is the result of impaired secretion, the action of insulin or both of these factors. Diseases related to multifactorial diseases are based on genetic predisposition and environmental factors. A special role in the prognosis of the course of the disease and the quality of life of the patient is played by such a formidable complication of DM 2 as diabetic nephropathy (DNP), which leads in its outcome to chronic kidney disease (CKD). DNP is formed as a result of hemodynamic and metabolic factors. Identification of predictors that, in addition to already known damaging factors, affect the frequency of development, severity and speed of progression of nephropathy, primarily due to the excessive formation of membrane and cytotoxic products of lipid peroxidation (POL) of endogenous and exogenous origin, is an important problem for deepening knowledge about the mechanisms of development and course of diabetic nephropathy. A significant number of available data indicates the involvement of various polymorphic genes in the formation of a predisposition to multifactorial pathology, both across the spectrum and to individual nosological forms. In the conditions of modern man-made civilization, it is believed that the most significant contribution to the formation of predisposition to socially significant human diseases can be made by genes of enzymes of protective and adaptive organ systems- these are, first of all, the genes of endogenous factors of the immune surveillance system (IN), antioxidant protection (AOS) and xenobiotic biotransformation (FBK).

Keywords:type 2 diabetes mellitus; diabetic nephropathy; gene polymorphism of xenobiotic biotransformation; oxidative stress, oxidative modification; oxidative stress enzymes.