ECONOMIC AND BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SORBUS SAMBUCIFOLIA, S. KAMTSCHATCENSIS AND THEIR HYBRIDS

Asbaganov Sergey Valentinovich, Evsyukov Vadim Sergeevich, Marusov Danila Sergeevich, Choodu Bayyr-Belek Mergenovich, Panikhin Pavel Alexandrovich

Mountain ash is a promising object for introduction and breeding in the northern regions of Russia. The Sorbus sibirica species, native to Siberia, is little used in economic activities due to a number of disadvantages – poor fruit taste, small fruit, tallness. To expand the directions in the breeding of this species, the introduction of closely related species is necessary. Sorbus sambucifolia is a promising donor of a polymorphic complex of economically valuable traits. This species easily crosses with local selected forms of Sorbus sibirica. One of the F1 hybrids is S. sambucifolia × S. sibirica of the CSBS SB RAS selection has already been registered as a new variety and can be used in further breeding work. According to the results of expedition surveys of natural populations of S. sambucifolia and S. kamtschatcensis on the Kamchatka Peninsula, 93 forms of the original species and hybrids were selected. Morphometric and tasting characteristics of their fruits were analyzed. The average values, limits, coefficients of variation of the number of fruits in the inflorescence, fruit weight, characteristics of the skin, consistency of pulp, taste and color of fruits are established. Among the selected forms from the Kamchatka Peninsula, “Buzinolistnaya 2GK1217” is highlighted with very large fruits with an average weight of 1.3 g, good taste and consistency of the pulp. From the selected forms of S. kamtschatcensis, " Kamchatskaya G1202" was isolated. The most outstanding natural hybrid "Zavoiko Hybrid 1229" with restrained growth and large fruits was found in the Yelizovsky district of Kamchatka. The high fertility of gametophytes in selected forms of S. sambucifolia, S. sibirica and their artificial hybrid F1 S. sambucifolia × S. sibirica was experimentally shown on a model combination of crosses. The complex of field and laboratory studies carried out allows us to conclude that the involvement of S. sambucifolia and its hybrids in mountain ash selection in Novosibirsk is promising.

Keywords:Sorbus, Sorbus sambucifolia, hybridization, selection