Synthesis of civilizational and linear approaches in the philosophical comprehension of history of A.J. Toynbee (social and axiological aspects)

Vlasova Lyudmila Aleksandrovna

The article issued the main theoretical definitions of the teachings of the AJ Toynbee as a greatest philosopher of the twentieth century history in the social and axiological aspects. It is believed that the A. Toynbee’s concept of local civilizations extends the theory of Oswald Spengler. However, in contradistinction to the German theoretician, A. Toynbee is a religious philosopher. It’s significantly impact to his vision of history and contributed to a considerable transformation of the classical civilizational teaching and in its interpretation.

Keywords:Russia, Westernization, civilizational approach, theological-historical concept, Oswald Spengler, challenge-and-response