The peculiarity of the transitional types of culture in Yakutia of the twentieth century

Pokatilova Iya Volodarovna

The sociocultural system of Yakutia, like other subregions of Russia, in the twentieth century was fully incorporated into the global rhythm to which Russian and European civilization obeyed. This rhythm is set by the constant alternation of two main types of culture: relatively stable and transitional. Therefore, the process of studying the sociocultural dynamics of the culture of Yakutia in the twentieth century, which begins and ends at the end of the century with the transitional state of culture in the alternation of a relatively stable type - the Soviet stage, is relevant. It is in the situation of transitivity and instability of the culture of the end of the twentieth century that the search for the national identity of the peoples of the RS (Y) begins. One of the first in the post-Soviet space began such research work on the study of Siberian collections in US museums, art historians, spouses V.Kh. Ivanov and Z.I. Ivanova-Unarov. They managed to establish close contacts with the staff of the American Museum of Natural History in New York and publish their first album in 2011. The article is devoted to the publication of the first volume of the unique album-catalog "Material and spiritual culture of the peoples of Yakutia in the museums of the world (XVII - early XX centuries)" (2017), the author-compiler, who is the professor of art history at the Institute for Art History, Ivanov-Unarov, ZI. The system catalog is devoted to Siberian collections in the museums of the United States of America: American Museum of Natural History (AMEE) in New York, National Museum of Natural History (NMME) at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington. The publication of this catalog is the result of the openness of the US museums, the painstaking and long-term research activities of Z.I. Ivanova-Unarova on the systematization of the material and spiritual culture of the peoples (Yakuts, Evens and Yukagirs) that were exported beyond the borders of Yakutia and stored in currently in various museums of the world, including in US museums.

Keywords:Yakuts (Sakha), Evens, Yukagirs, system album-catalog, material culture, spiritual culture, artifacts of US museum collections, emic approach.