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Artificial radionuclides speciation in soils of conventionally "background" territories at the Semipalatinsk Test Site

Kunduzbayeva A. E.  (Lead engineer of Institute of Radiation Safety and Ecology of the NNC RK, Kurchatov, Kazakhstan)

Kabdyrakova A. M.  ()

Lukashenko S. N.  ()

The work provides results of research of artificial radionuclides speciation in soils of conventionally "background" territories of the STS. These territories include "northern", "western", "southeastern" and "southern" parts of the STS. In spite being closely located to testing spots, radiological situation at the most of conventionally "background" territories mainly depends on global fallouts, except for zones of "plumes" from local fallouts of surface nuclear tests, conducted at the "Experimental Field". "Plumes" of fallouts, crossing "southeastern" and "southern" parts of the STS, could determine another character of radioactive contamination of the soil cover. Identified changes in the relative content of 137Cs and 239+240Pu radionuclides speciation in soils of conventionally "background" territories of the STS are insignificant. The main forms of 137Cs and 239+240Pu in soils of conventionally "background" territories of the STS is strongly bound. Radionuclide 241Am represented in the soil mainly in strongly bound form and mobile form. Regular change of 90Sr radionuclide speciation was found for conventionally "background" territories. A tendency for decrease of biological availability parameters of radionuclide was found at the territory adjacent to "plumes" and in the zone of "plumes" of surface nuclear tests at the STS. Under conditions of the STS 90Sr speciation can be used as a diagnostic feature to characterize radioactive contamination of background territories and detect fallout plumes of lokal surface nuclear tests.

Keywords:radionuclides, Semipalatinsk proving ground, soil, artificial radionuclides, nuclear tests, pollution of a soil cover
 

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Citation link:
Kunduzbayeva A. E., Kabdyrakova A. M., Lukashenko S. N. Artificial radionuclides speciation in soils of conventionally "background" territories at the Semipalatinsk Test Site // Современная наука: актуальные проблемы теории и практики. Серия: Естественные и Технические Науки. -2016. -№06. -С. 3-17
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