Public education in the Yelets district of the late XIX - early XX century

Pertsev Vladimir Vladimirovich

The history of public education in the Russian province of the late 19th - early 20th century is poorly understood. Many facts related to the question of the genesis of public education of this period, the opening and functioning of elementary district schools, the dynamics of this process during the tragic events of the beginning of the 20th century were lost, and the problem of restoring, understanding and analyzing the processes that took place at that time was very relevant. This article is based on the analysis of primarily archival materials and highlights the general dynamics of the development of primary education in the Yelets district of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Private collection of the famous in Yelets local historian V. A. Zausailov stores in her storage rooms unique materials on the history of elementary schools in the Yelets district. The reports on the state of primary schools collected in it were intended for public hearings and discussions of problems of education at zemstvo assemblies. In these reports, miraculously preserved to this day, you can find information on the number of educational institutions in the county, their material base, the date of opening of schools, information on the teaching staff, guardians, the number of students and teachers, the class composition and age of students, examiners' reports and many other critical aspects of education. An analysis of these reports allows us to shed light on the general dynamics of the development of primary education in Yelets district at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. we publish in this article. Many facts and archival information are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time.

Keywords:primary education, county school, pre-revolutionary education in Russia, Oryol province, Yelets district, the history of public education in the province, cultural and educational environment.