COMMON AND TYPICAL IN THE STRUCTURE AND THE SEMANTICS OF THE PREFIXAL VERBS IN STRUCTURALLY DIFFERENT LANGUAGES (FOR EXAMPLE RUSSIAN VERBS WITH THE PREFIX PO - AND THEIR "COUNTERPARTS" IN THE CHECHEN LANGUAGE)

Zibukayeva Zulikhan Sultanovna

The purpose of the article is to consider the role of prefixation in the formation of verbs, the origin of prefixes, their functional-but-semantic properties, based on the material of the Russian and Chechen languages. Comparison of the facts of two languages of different structure – Russian and Chechen-suggests that the semantic (word-formation) function is both primary and mandatory for prefixes, regardless of the language in question. Grammatical function (as a rule, species-forming) is secondary, it can develop in prefixes in some languages, but may be absent. The absence of grammatical function prefixes in the language is associated by the author with the category of aspectuality: if the aspectuality in the language is formed only by the category of time and by the ways of verbal action, and the temporal forms Express the values correlated with the invariant values of NE and NS, in the language prefixes perform only a word-formation role; if the aspectuality includes the grammatical form, it is based on the use of prefixes in the grammatical function.

Keywords:verb; verbal prefixation; Russian language; Chechen language; word-formation function; grammatical function; aspectuality; methods of action