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The article is devoted to a comparative analysis of the grammatical means of expressing negation in Chinese and Russian, which belong to different typological classes, namely the analytical and synthetic types, respectively. The relevance of the study is determined by the fact that comparison of negation mechanisms in typologically heterogeneous languages makes it possible to identify universal and language-specific parameters of the interaction between morphology, syntax, and pragmatics. The aim of the study is to identify and compare the grammatical means of expressing negation in Chinese and Russian, as well as to describe their pragmatic functions and culturally conditioned strategies of use. The empirical basis of the study consists of corpus data from the Lancaster Corpus of Mandarin Chinese and the Russian National Corpus, as well as teaching grammars, academic descriptions, and contemporary typological research. The methodological framework includes comparative and typological analysis, elements of pragmatic description, and corpus-based methods. The study examines the morphological, syntactic, and pragmatic characteristics of negative markers, the mechanisms of forming negative utterances, and the phenomena of double negation and negative concord. Particular attention is paid to the aspectual conditioning of the choice between the markers 不 and 没(有) in Chinese, the features of negative concord in Russian, and the pragmatic strategies of negation mitigation in Chinese communicative culture. The findings show that typological differences between Chinese and Russian are manifested not only in grammatical structure but also in discursive and culturally pragmatic practices, which is important for the further development of the typology of negation and for methods of teaching Russian and Chinese as foreign languages.
Keywords:negation, typology, Chinese language, Russian language, negative markers, double negation, negative concord, aspectuality, pragmatics, comparative linguistics
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